Mitochondrial diseases (MITO) are a group of disorders caused by dysfunctional mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell. Mitochondria are found in every cell of the human body except red blood cells, and convert the energy of food molecules into the ATP that powers most cell functions.

Mitochondrial diseases are sometimes (about 15% of the time)[1] caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA that affect mitochondrial function. Other mitochondrial diseases are caused by mutations in genes of the nuclear DNA, whose gene products are imported into the mitochondria (mitochondrial proteins) as well as acquired mitochondrial conditions. Mitochondrial diseases take on unique characteristics both because of the way the diseases are often inherited and because mitochondria are so critical to cell function. The subclass of these diseases that have neuromuscular disease symptoms are often called a mitochondrial myopathy.

There is no cure for Mitochondrial Disease

The Body need energy so with the malfunction of the cells that power the Human Body Mitochondria cells MTDNA are not working so the body cannot sustain normal function organs and bodily functions and In nearly every cell in the body, mitochondria are responsible for producing that energy (called ATP). They are like power stations, supplying the energy our cells need to function.

Cells make up tissues and organs in our bodies, for example the heart and liver. If our cells do not have enough energy, the tissues or organs do not work properly, leading to failure In much the same way, if power stations do not produce enough energy there will be areas of blackout, where parts of the country cannot function.

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of muscle diseases that results in increasing weakening and breakdown of skeletal muscles over time.[1] The disorders differ in which muscles are primarily affected, the degree of weakness, how fast they worsen, and when symptoms begin.[1] Many people will eventually become unable to walk.[2] Some types are also associated with problems in other organs.[2]

The muscular dystrophy group contains thirty different genetic disorders which are usually classified into nine main categories or types.[1][2] The most common type is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) which typically affects males beginning around the age of four.[1] Other types include Becker muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy.[1] They are due to mutations in genes that are involved in making muscle proteins.[2] This can occur due to either inheriting the defect from one's parents or the mutation occurring during early development.[2] Disorders may be X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, or autosomal dominant.[2] Diagnosis often involves blood tests and genetic testing.[2]

There is no cure for muscular dystrophy.

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